dijous, de desembre 04, 2008

Integració i vots pels immigrants, entre els principis i la realitat

Aquesta setmana he retrobat a la premsa el debat sobre la concessió del dret a vot als immigrants.  En aquest cas el conseller Amorós ha fet públic l’objectiu que el Pla Nacional per a la Immigració inclogui el dret a votar a les eleccions municipals pels immigrants que faci cinc anys o més que són a Catalunya. 

 Sens dubte el debat que obre aquest anunci és necessari però hom es demana si s’està fent bé.  Des d’ Anglaterra estant només puc copsar la reacció popular a aquest debat per les “enquestes” que han realitzat alguns mitjans de comunicació del nostre país, on l’oposició a aquesta mesura ha estat molt majoritària.  Més enllà de les consideracions sobre la validesa d’aquests sondejos crec que els resultats posen de manifest la tensió que en aquest tema hi ha entre els principis i les realitats socials a casa nostra.

 Els principis democràtics ens porten a defensar la concessions de drets a aquells que s’han establert a Catalunya i ja formen part d’aquí.  Així per exemple, la gran majoria dels catalans estan a favor del dret dels immigrants a l’escolarització o a la sanitat-  Els problemes venen quan davallem dels principis morals per afrontar la realitat quotidiana d’aquests serveis a casa nostra, que pateixen d’una manca de finançament cada cop més dramàtica fruit d’una manca de poder polític propi i d’una manca de voluntat del govern espanyol de posar-hi solució pressupostària contravenint lleis aprovades, com la del nou estatut.  La concessió del dret a l’accés a aquests serveis, amb una generositat molt més gran a la que els immigrants troben a la major part de països europeus, malgrat tractar-se de societats més riques, genera problemes reals que tensionen el propi sistema de serveis públics que volem posar a l’abast dels nouvinguts.

 Què passa quan volem estendre els drets socials a drets polítics?  Des del meu punt de vista el principi és semblant.  Tots els ciutadans han de ser iguals en drets.  Però el problema és definir ciutadania.  Una definició que ha d’incloure els drets però també els deures.  En la majoria de països occidentals aquests deures inclouen una certa integració al país, la seva identitat i els seus valors.  Integració que no implica abandonar la pròpia identitat però que demana un respecte i una complicitat amb els elements de cohesió del país d’ acollida.  I és aquí on cal assumir la nostra realitat concreta, la d’un país amb un poder polític insuficient per decidir quins són aquests deures i que a més a rebut el flux més gran d’immigrants de tota Europa.  La realitat és que, la conseqüència d’aquests factors ha estat que molts dels nous immigrants no han assumit els deures que probablement calen per accedir al dret a votar.  Un dret, no ho oblidem, que permet als qui l’exerceixen de decidir sobre com ens organitzem tots.  Això no vol dir que haguem de canviar els principis, vol dir que hem de posar a disposició dels immigrants les eines que els permetin accedir a la plena ciutadania.

 Sembla clar que cal un debat tranquil abans de portar al parlament una proposta, especialment quan aquest és un tema sobre el que, com passa sovint amb allò que és rellevant per fer política de debò, el nostre govern no té competències.

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